Óleos voláteis obtidos das partes aéreas de plantas de três espécies de Mikania foram analisados por CG-EM e RMN. Quarenta e seis terpenos, entre monoterpenos, sesquiterpenos e diterpenos, foram identificados. A análise classificou Mikania hookeriana como produtora de diterpenos, de acordo com a maioria das espécies de Mikania que ocorrem no Brasil.

Volatile oils obtained from the aerial parts of three Mikania species plants were analyzed by GC-MS and NMR. Forty-six terpenes among monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes were identified by this methodology. The analysis classified Mikania hookriana as diterpene producer as the majority Mikania species occurring in Brazil.

Três misturas de esteróides (1a+1b, 2a+2b e 3a+3b) e dois flavonóides glicosilados (4 e 5) foram isolados do extrato etanólico dos galhos da Porcelia macrocarpa (Warm.) R. E. Fries (Annonaceae). Os esteróides Estigmasta-4,25-dien-3-ona (2a) e (22E)-Estigmasta-4,22,25-trien-3-ona (2b) são substâncias novas. As estruturas foram determinadas com base na análise de dados espectrais de RMN e de massas e por comparação com dados de substâncias da literatura usadas como modelos.

Three mixtures of steroids (1a+1b, 2a+2b and 3a+3b) and two flavonoid glycosides (4 and 5) were isolated from the ethanol extract of branches of Porcelia macrocarpa (Warm.) R. E. Fries (Annonaceae). The steroids Stigmasta-4,25-dien-3-one (2a) and (22E)-Stigmasta-4,22,25-trien-3-one (2b) are news. The structures were elucidated by NMR and MS data and comparison with literature data of model compounds.

During the biological evolution, marine macroalgae have developed biochemicals tools in order to utilize components of seawater such as sulfates and halogens, to produce a variety of chemicals (secondary metabolites).This review shows and discuss the occurrence of sulfated and/or halogenated phenolic compounds in seaweeds.

Dois novos diterpenos do tipo das cneorubinas, além de dois conhecidos, foram isolados das folhas da Guarea guidonia (Meliaceae). Um dos novos diterpenos possui o sistema trans biciclo [5.1.0] octano, encontrado muito raramente entre os produtos naturais. As estruturas foram determinadas com base na análise de dados espectrais. A análise dos espectros de RMN dos diterpenos conhecidos permitiu uma re-atribuição de dados da literatura.

Two new and two known cneorubin related diterpenes were isolated from the leaves of Guarea guidonia (Meliaceae). One of the new diterpenes has the unusual trans bicyclo[5.1.0]octane ring system. The structures were elucidated by spectral data. The analysis of the NMR spectra of the known diterpenes allowed the reassignment of their NMR data.

This paper describes a chromatographic method to fractionate volatile oils and to identify their sesquiterpenic constituents. The fractionation process includes flash chromatography over silica gel and chromatography over silica gel/AgNO3, utilising pentane, CH2Cl2 and/or acetone as eluents. GC chromatograms were obtained in order to get the relative percentage of each constituent in the volatile oils, to get the retention time value of them as well as to analyse and combine the fractions eluted from the columns. Such procedure afford mixtures of sesquiterpenes which are analysed by GC/MS, 13C and ¹H NMR.

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of water (WE) and ethanolic (EE) extracts of Scoparia dulcis L. were investigated in rats and mice, and compared to the effects induced by Glutinol, a triterpene isolated by purification of EE. Oral adminsitration (p.o.) of either WE or EE (up to 2 g/Kg) did not alter the normal spontaneous activity of mice and rats. The sleeping time induced by sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/Kg, i.p.) was prolonged by 2 fold in mice pretreated with 0.5 g/Kg EE, p.o. Neither extract altered the tail flick response of mice in immersion test, but previous administration of EE (0.5 g/Kg, p.o.) reduced writhings induced by 0.8% acetic acid (0.1 ml/10 g, i.p.) in mice by 47% EE (0.5 and 1 g/Kg, p.o.) inhibited the paw edema induced by carrageenan in rats by respectively 46% and 58% after 2 h, being ineffective on the paw edema induced by dextran. No significant analgesic or anti-edema effects were detected in animals pretreated with WE (1 g/Kg, p.o.). Administration of Glutinol (30 mg/Kg, p.o.) reduced writhing induced by acetic acid in mice by 40% and the carrageenan induced paw edema in rats by 73%. The results indicate that the analgesic activity of S dulcis L. may be explained by explained by an anti-inflammatory activity probably related to the triterpene Glutinol.

Das partes áereas das espécies vegetais Mikania triangularis, M. diversifolia, M. smilacina, M.microlepsis e Wedelia paludosa (Compositae) foram isolados ácidos diterpênicos em grande quantidade. Estes ácidos devem estar correlacionados às ações medicinais atribuídas a essas espécies. Da espécie Solidago microglossaisolou-se, como constituinte principal do extrato etanólico das partes áereas, a quercetrina, glicosídeo de reconhecida atividade contra a fragilidade capilar, justificando em parte o emprego desta substituição à Arnica montana.

The aerial parts of M. triangularis, M. diversifolia, M. smilacina, M. microlepsis and Wedelia paludosa afforded great quantity of diterpene acids. To these acids may be correlated some of the medicinal activities ascribed to those species. The ethanolic extract of Solidago microglossaafforded, as principal constituent from the aerial parts quercetrin. The activity of these glicoside against cappilary fragility is well known, justifying the use of Solidago microglossa as succedaneous of Arnica montana.